Characteristics of Life and Core Biological Themes

Question 1

made up of the basic unit (cells), grow and develop, genetic code, obtain and use materials, reproduce, respond to their environment, homeostasis (maintain stable environment), and change over time (evolve)

Accepted Answer

What characteristics do all living things share?

Question 2

stimulus

Accepted Answer

signal to which an organism responds to; Livings things respond environment

Question 3

homeostasis

Accepted Answer

maintaining internal environment; Living things maintain stable internal environment

Question 4

DNA

Accepted Answer

genetic code of a living being; All living beings need a universal genetic code

Question 5

metabolism

Accepted Answer

combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials; Living things obtain and use materials and energy

Question 6

sexual reproduction

Accepted Answer

cells from two parents unite to form the first cells of a new organism; Living things reproduce

Question 7

asexual reproduction

Accepted Answer

single organism produces offspring identicals to itself; Living things reproduce

Question 8

cellular basis of life, information and heredity, matter and energy, growth, development, reproduction, homeostasis, evolution, structure, function, unity and diversity of life, interdependence in nature, and science as a way of knowing

Accepted Answer

What are the central themes of biology?

Question 9

atom

Accepted Answer

basic unit of matter

Question 10

proton, neutron, and electron

Accepted Answer

subatomic particles of an atom

Question 11

nucleus

Accepted Answer

center of the atom which contains the protons and neutrons

Question 12

electron

Accepted Answer

negatively charged particles in an atom

Question 13

isotopes

Accepted Answer

atoms of the same elements that differ in the number of neutrons but have the same number of electrons and protons; elements that are this have the same chemical properties

Question 14

ionic bond

Accepted Answer

a bond when one or more electrons are transferred from atom to another

Question 15

ions

Accepted Answer

positively and negatively charged particles

Question 16

covalent bonds

Accepted Answer

a band when pairs of electrons are shared between atoms

Question 17

molecule

Accepted Answer

atoms joined by covalent bonds; smallest unit of most compounds

Question 18

Due to its polarity, it is able to form multiple hydrogen bonds

Accepted Answer

How does the structure of water contribute to its unique properties?

Question 19

hydrogen bond

Accepted Answer

attraction between a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge and another atom with a partial negative charge (usually the atom bonded is oxygen, nitrogen, and fluorine)

Question 20

cohesion

Accepted Answer

attraction between molecules of the same substance; creates surface tension; this ability cause water molecules to be drawn together

Question 21

adhesion

Accepted Answer

attraction between molecules of different substances; causes capillary action which causes water to rise and stick to the sides of glass in a graduated cylinder creating a meniscus

Question 22

Heat capacity of water

Accepted Answer

the hydrogen bonding of the water affects this attribute of water by requiring large amounts of heat energy in order to make the water molecules move faster

Question 23

mixture

Accepted Answer

material composed of two or more elements that are physically mixed together not chemically combined

Question 24

solution

Accepted Answer

a mixture that have materials evenly distributed

Question 25

solute

Accepted Answer

substance that dissolves

Question 26

solvent

Accepted Answer

substance in which the solute dissolves in

Question 27

Water's polarity allow it to dissolve ionic compounds and polar molecules

Accepted Answer

How does water's polarity affect its solubility?

Question 28

suspension

Accepted Answer

mixture of water and non-dissolved materials as seen in blood

Question 29

pH (power of hydrogen)

Accepted Answer

measurement system to indicate the concentration of H+ ions in solution; the higher the number= more basic; the lower #= more acidic

Question 30

acid

Accepted Answer

contains or forms more H+ ions in solution than hydroxide; have pH lower than 7
ex: Hydrochloric (the word)= produce by the stomach to help digest food

Question 31

base

Accepted Answer

contains or forms more hydroxide (OH-) than H+ ions; have pH higher than 7

Question 32

buffers

Accepted Answer

weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids and strong bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH; plays important role in homeostasis in organs

Question 33

hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, and sulfur

Accepted Answer

What elements does carbon bond with to make life's molecules?

Question 34

monomers

Accepted Answer

smaller unit of a polymer 
ex: beads of a necklace

Question 35

polymer

Accepted Answer

made up of monomers 
ex: a necklace made out of beads

Question 36

polymerization

Accepted Answer

process of a monomers joining to form a polymer

Question 37

Carbohydrates

Accepted Answer

macromolecule made out of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; used by living things as a source of energy and some animals, organisms, and plants for structural purposes

Question 38

glucose

Accepted Answer

carbohydrate; supplies for immediate energy for cell activities; breakdown of it=energy

Question 39

starch

Accepted Answer

carbohydrate; most organisms (usually plants) store extra sugar as this complex carbohydrate; monomer of this molecule is glucose

Question 40

monosaccharide

Accepted Answer

single sugar molecule
ex: glucose and galactose

Question 41

disaccharide

Accepted Answer

compound made by two simple sugars joined together

Question 42

polysaccharide

Accepted Answer

large molecules formed from monosaccharides

Question 43

glycogen

Accepted Answer

carbohydrate; many animals including humans store excess sugar in this polysaccharide; similar to starch for plants in a way

Question 44

cellulose

Accepted Answer

carbohydrate; polysaccharide utilized by plants to give plants strength and rigidity

Question 45

lipid

Accepted Answer

macromolecule mostly made out of carbon and hydrogen; this category includes fats, oils, waxes, and steroids; used to store energy; play an important role of biological membrane and waterproof coverings

Question 46

steroids

Accepted Answer

lipids; hormones that are chemical messengers

Question 47

nucleic acids

Accepted Answer

macromolecule that has carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorous; role: store and transmit hereditary, or genetic info.
ex: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid)

Question 48

nucleotides

Accepted Answer

monomer of nucleic acids; consists of 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base; some of its role (ex: ATP) play an important role in capturing and transferring chemical energy

Question 49

proteins

Accepted Answer

macromolecule that contains nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; functional molecule built from one or more polypeptide; role: control rate of reactions and regulate cell processes and form cellular structures and others transport substances into or out of our cells and help fight diseases

Question 50

amino acids

Accepted Answer

monomers of proteins; compounds with an amino group on the left and a carboxyl group on the right and a R group; R group is what determine the different types of this thing

Question 51

peptide bonds

Accepted Answer

covalent bonds that link amino acids together to form a polypeptide

Question 52

Protein's primary structure

Accepted Answer

sequence of its amino acid

Question 53

Protein's secondary structure

Accepted Answer

folding or coiling of the polypeptide chain

Question 54

Protein's tertiary structure

Accepted Answer

complete 3-D arrangement of polypeptide chain

Question 55

Protein's fourth structure

Accepted Answer

different polypeptides bonded together with respect to each other

Question 56

Level of organization of a protein

Accepted Answer

1. arrangements of amino acids
2. foiling and coiling of the polypeptide chain
3. complete 3-D arrangement of polypeptide chain 
4. different polypeptides bonded to each other

Question 57

chemical reaction

Accepted Answer

process that changes, or transforms, one set of chemicals into another

Question 58

reactants

Accepted Answer

elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction

Question 59

products

Accepted Answer

elements or compounds that come out of a chemical reactions

Question 60

energy change

Accepted Answer

determines whether a chemical reaction will occur

Question 61

chemical reactions that release energy

Accepted Answer

What chemical reaction often occur on their own?

Question 62

chemical reactions that absorb energy

Accepted Answer

What chemical reaction can't occur without a energy source?

Question 63

sunlight

Accepted Answer

Where does plants get their energy for their reactions?

Question 64

from consuming organisms

Accepted Answer

Where does animals get their energy for their reactions?

Characteristics of Life and Core Biological ThemesBeta

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